brpc: bthread的bthread_fcontext

定义

/*libcontext - a slightly more portable version of boost::contextCopyright Martin Husemann 2013.Copyright Oliver Kowalke 2009.Copyright Sergue E. Leontiev 2013.Copyright Thomas Sailer 2013.Minor modifications by Tomasz Wlostowski 2016.Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy athttp://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)*/#ifndef BTHREAD_CONTEXT_H
#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_H#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__APPLE__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_COMPILER_gcc#if defined(__linux__)#ifdef __x86_64__#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_linux_x86_64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif __i386__#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_linux_i386#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif __arm__#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_linux_arm32#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif __aarch64__#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_linux_arm64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif __loongarch64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_linux_loongarch64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#endif#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined (__MINGW64__)#if defined(__x86_64__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_COMPILER_gcc#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_windows_x86_64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif defined(__i386__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_COMPILER_gcc#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_windows_i386#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION __cdecl#endif#elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)#if defined (__i386__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_apple_i386#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif defined (__x86_64__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_apple_x86_64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#elif defined (__aarch64__)#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_PLATFORM_apple_arm64#define BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION#endif#endif#endif#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
typedef int intptr_t;
#endiftypedef void* bthread_fcontext_t;#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"{
#endifintptr_t BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION
bthread_jump_fcontext(bthread_fcontext_t * ofc, bthread_fcontext_t nfc,intptr_t vp, bool preserve_fpu = false);
bthread_fcontext_t BTHREAD_CONTEXT_CALL_CONVENTION
bthread_make_fcontext(void* sp, size_t size, void (* fn)( intptr_t));#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif#endif  // BTHREAD_CONTEXT_H

所谓bthread，或者说一众fiber的本质，就是能绕过系统调用（线程切换），实现执行状态的切换（每个程序，都是一个状态机，cpu就是无情的不断执行指令的机器），而context，就是保存当前执行状态的struct，该空间是在用户态被创建，所以同线程下的context间的切换，一般不涉及系统调用。

bthread的context提供两个方法：

bthread_make_fcontext 和 bthread_jump_fcontext ，用来创建一个context，以及保存当前context并跳转到另一个context。

简单实例

#include <bthread/context.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <bthread/bthread.h>::bthread_fcontext_t fc1;
::bthread_fcontext_t fc2;
::bthread_fcontext_t fc_tmp;
intptr_t  g_num1 = 0;
intptr_t  g_num2 = 0;static void jumper1(intptr_t param) {for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {LOG(INFO) << "context1: g_num1 = " << ++g_num1 << ", then jump to context2";::bthread_jump_fcontext(&fc1, fc2, 0);}// 最后结尾，jump到原始上下文中，继续执行LOG(INFO) << "context1: g_num1 = " << ++g_num1 << ", then jump to main";::bthread_jump_fcontext(&fc1, fc_tmp, 0);
}
static void jumper2(intptr_t param) {for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {LOG(INFO) << "context2: g_num2 = " << ++g_num2 << ", then jump to context1";::bthread_jump_fcontext(&fc2, fc1, 0);}
}int main() {static const std::size_t stack_size = 8192;// 创建两个上下文void *sp1 = ::malloc(stack_size);fc1 = ::bthread_make_fcontext((char*)sp1 + stack_size, stack_size, jumper1);void *sp2 = ::malloc(stack_size);fc2 = ::bthread_make_fcontext((char*)sp2 + stack_size, stack_size, jumper2); // 将当前上下文保存到fc_tmp，并切换上下为fc2::bthread_jump_fcontext(&fc_tmp, fc2, 0);LOG(INFO) << "done";::free(sp1);::free(sp2);return 0;
}

结果：

root@ac2342fc89f6:/home/brpc/example/demo/build# ./context 
I0410 20:34:45.199594 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 1, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199747 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 1, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199760 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 2, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199767 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 2, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199771 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 3, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199777 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 3, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199780 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 4, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199787 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 4, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199789 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 5, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199792 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 5, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199799 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 6, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199802 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 6, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199804 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 7, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199807 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 7, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199809 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 8, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199812 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 8, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199820 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 9, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199822 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:21] context1: g_num1 = 9, then jump to context2
I0410 20:34:45.199825 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:30] context2: g_num2 = 10, then jump to context1
I0410 20:34:45.199828 74060     0 /home/brpc/example/demo/context.cpp:25] context1: g_num1 = 10, then jump to main